خلاصه درس زبان تخصصی روانشناسی کودکان استثنائی‎‎

خلاصه درس زبان تخصصی روانشناسی کودکان استثنائی‎‎

زبان تخصصی روانشناسی کودکان استثنایی به نحوی تدوین شده است که مطالعه دقیق آن بتواند دانشجویان را با طیف کاملی از سؤالات قابل طرح در موضوعات این درس آشنا کند تا بدین ترتیب در مواجهه با آزمون ورودی تحصیلات تکمیلی، کمترین تعداد سؤالی برای ایشان وضعیت جدید و غیرآشنایی را داشته باشد و برای پاسخگویی به آن‏ها کمترین زمان ممکن صرف گردد.

زبان تخصصی روانشناسی کودکان استثنایی باید دارای ویژگی‏های زیادی باشد. از جمله باید در حین گفتار روان و قابل فهم و با دوری ازپیچیده کردن غیرضروری مطالب، به تشریح کامل مفاهیم بپردازد و ضمن دربرگرفتن مباحث موردنیاز، خواننده را از نگرانی ارجاع به کتب مشابه و احیاناً کتب مرجع زبان تخصصی روانشناسی کودکان استثنایی دور نماید. از این‌رو تلاش اصلی در تألیف زبان تخصصی روانشناسی کودکان استثنائی‎‎ ، یافتن نقطه‏ ی تعادلی بین مفید بودن و قابل فهم بودن مطالب آن بوده است؛ چرا که بسیار مهم می‌باشد  کیفیت و پوشش همه مطالب، قربانی بیان ساده کتاب نشود.

فهرست مطالب بسته درسی

⭐ The Exceptional Child as a Special Learner
⭐ Special Education Adaptations
⭐ Characteristics of Children With Hearing Loss
⭐ Developmental Aspects of Living Environments
⭐ Theoretical Models and Special Education Methods
⭐ Humanistic and Ecological Models
⭐ Cognitive and Metacognitive Training
⭐ Exceptional Children and Youth: Behavior Disorders
⭐ Characteristics of Behavior Disorders
⭐ Cognitive Disabilities
⭐ Concept of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Syndrome
⭐ Behavioral Interventions
⭐ Reference

The Exceptional Child as a Special Learner
Who Is an Exceptional Child?
Many have tried to define the term exceptional child. Some use it when referring to the bright child or the child with unusual talent. Others use it when describing any atypical child. The term is generally accepted, however, to include both the child with developmental disabilities and the child who is exceptionally able. Here we define as exceptional a child who differs from the average or normal child in 3) mental characteristics, 3) sensory abilities, 3) communication abilities, 4) behavior and emotional development, or 5) physical characteristics. These differences must occur to such an extent that the child requires a modification of school practices, or special educational services, to develop his unique capabilities.

Characteristics of Exceptional Children

If we define an exceptional child as one who differs in some way from a group norm, then many children are exceptional. A child with red hair is ‘exceptional’ if all the other children in the class have brown or blond hair. But that difference is of little concern to the teacher. Educationally speaking, a child with red hair is not an exceptional child, because the educational program does not have to be modified to serve the child’s needs. Children are considered educationally exceptional only when it is necessary to alter the educational program—for example, if their exceptionality leaves them unable to read or to master learning in the traditional way or places them so far ahead that they are bored by what is being taught.

Special Education
Contemporary special education for students with behavior disorders is a recent development that has been diversely influenced. Developments in education, medicine, and psychodynamic and behavioral psychology as well as social and economic trends have all affected education for students with behavior disorders. Although there have been many attempts to define behavior disorders, no definition is universally accepted by special educators or other professionals. However, there are two broad areas common to most authoritative definitions. Children with behavior disorders (3) deviate from standards or expectations of behavior and (3) impair the functioning of others or themselves.